Genetic Disease

  Genetics and Cancer: Understanding the Role of Genes in Cancer Development   What are the specific genes that, when mutated, increase cancer risk? Several genes, when mutated, can significantly increase the risk of developing cancer. These genes are often involved in critical cellular processes like DNA repair, cell growth, and cell division. Here are some of the most well-known ones:   Tumor Suppressor Genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2: These genes are involved in DNA repair. Mutations in these genes significantly increase the risk of breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers.   TP53: This gene is known as the "guardian of the genome" because it plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and preventing DNA damage. Mutations in TP53 are associated with a wide variety of cancers, including lung, breast, colorectal, and brain cancers.   PTEN: This gene regulates cell growth and prevents cells from growing and ...

  Genetic Disorders: From Cystic Fibrosis to Huntington's Disease   What are the different types of genetic disorders? 1. Single-gene disorders: These are caused by a change or mutation in one gene. There are thousands of known single-gene disorders, and they can be inherited in different patterns:   Autosomal dominant: Only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to cause the disorder. Examples include Huntington's disease and Marfan syndrome.   Autosomal recessive: Two copies of the mutated gene are needed to cause the disorder, one inherited from each parent. Examples include cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.   X-linked: The mutated gene is located on the X chromosome. These disorders can be recessive or dominant. Examples include Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hemophilia.   2. Chromosomal disorders: These are caused by changes in the number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structure...