Genetic Disease

Chromosomes: Carriers of Genetic Information Basic Structure and Types: What are chromosomes made of? (DNA and proteins) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): This is the molecule that carries the genetic information. It's a long, double-stranded molecule that contains the instructions for building and operating an organism.   Proteins (Histones and Non-histones): The DNA is tightly coiled and wrapped around proteins, primarily histones . Histones are like spools that the DNA winds around. This packaging helps to:   Compact the DNA so it can fit inside the nucleus.   Organize the DNA and regulate gene expression.   Protect the DNA from damage.         What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?   (Chromatin is the unwound form of DNA; chromosomes are the condensed, tightly coiled form that appears during cell division) Chromatin: "Unwound" DNA: Ch...

  DNA vs. RNA: Understanding the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Structure and Composition: What are the key structural differences between DNA and RNA?  (Double-stranded vs. single-stranded, deoxyribose vs. ribose sugar, thymine vs. uracil) Double-stranded vs. Single-stranded: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Is typically a double-stranded molecule, resembling a twisted ladder or spiral staircase (double helix). The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.   RNA (Ribonucleic Acid): Is typically a single-stranded molecule. It's like one half of the DNA ladder. However, RNA can sometimes fold back on itself to form short double-stranded regions.   Deoxyribose vs. Ribose Sugar: DNA: Contains the sugar deoxyribose . The "deoxy-" prefix indicates that it lacks one oxygen atom compared to ribose.   RNA: Contains the sugar ribose . This extra...